Comparison between Hinduism and Buddhism Assignment

Comparison between Hinduism and Buddhism - Assignment Example The religion is believed to be timeless, as the old people found it in practice. Hindus believe in one Supreme Being according to their traditions is both immanent and transcendent. According to the Hindu religious beliefs, the Supreme Being is both their creator and is of Unmanifest reality who deserves their respect (Rinehart, 2004). The Hindus believe in the divinity of the four Vedas, which are the oldest and most ancient elements of scripture in the world. Further, they venerate the Agamas as revealed in an equal measure. They treat these as primordial hymns of God which forms the bedrock of Santana Dharma, a form of an eternal religion. According to the Hindu beliefs, the soul reincarnates, evolving through many beliefs. However, the reincarnation trend stops after the resolution of all karmas. They also believe in moksha, which is the liberation from the rebirth cycle that takes place after the end of the reincarnation process. Since the process is continuous and evolutionary in every soul, not a single soul can be denied of its destiny (Fisher, 2014). In Hindu, an individual’s personal spiritual practice is referred to as sadhana which is used to refer to the means of accomplishing individual goals. It recognizes adhikara, which means that every person holds a unique position in life that is different from that of other people. Therefore, God exists in different forms, which gives people the freedom to feel attracted to one God and leave the rest. Similarly, there are different forms of yoga, just like there are different forms of God, which are not similar to one another. Therefore, the Hindu spiritual practice varies from one person to another.

Marketing analysis report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing analysis report - Essay Example Unlike other hedge fund strategies, Emerging market is marked geographically where investment is done in a market that has potential of growth. Even though it has been adopted by many investors, it has a couple of disadvantages. For instance, the cases of inflation or political instability may result to very poor returns to the investors. Another strategy that is close to emerging market is emerging market stock. This is different to the emerging market because its existence is through the emerging market mutual funds. For the past decade, emerging market mutual funds has lost investors to the emerging markets, for example, the pension funds by the institutional investors. The main reasons for the gained popularity of emerging markets are discussed below in the growth and benefits of emerging markets hedge funds. Despite the fact that of the world’s nations, emerging markets have a percentage of only twenty; emerging markets have still experienced remarkable growth. This is because 20% of the world’s nations constitute the 80% of the world population (Barclay Hedge, 2013 p. 1). Since emerging markets are defined by its nature of growth in terms of industrialization and business, the chances of increased returns to the investors is quite, therefore many investors are adopting this strategy. As mentioned earlier, the emerging markets as an investment strategy has gained popularity over emerging market mutual funds since it is not only tied to bonds but also permits investment on real estate among other investments. Due to this advantage, it has really gained popularity among many investors. For instance, in the beginning of the year 2008, it is clear that over nine billion dollars were spent in the new assets. In addition, the average returns received annually by many firms were above average by 25% (Alpha Calling, 2013 p. 1). Since emerging markets are characterized by unpredictability in terms of inflation or the

Arms of mass Destruction and International Law Term Paper

Arms of mass Destruction and International Law - Term Paper Example Evidently, international law has a lasting association with the endeavors to manage weapons of mass destruction, which followed the development of prohibitions (treaty) on the employment of poisonous gases in war (Busch & Joyner, 2009). Three bodies on international law can be delineated as regulating WMD, namely: arms control treaties, international law guiding the use of force, and international humanitarian law. Historically, the most outstanding and direct utilization of international law in relation to WMD was via arms control treaties. This denotes international agreements fashioned to ban or limit the development, ownership, and employment of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons by states.The international law on the use of force addresses the threat or the application of force rather than the development of weapons. On the use of WMD, international law on the use of force establishes legal justifications for the alternative to force, rather than rules detailing the weapo ns states may utilize.   On the use of WMD, international humanitarian law outlines the kinds of weapons that can be employed in armed conflict such as outlawing the use of weapons that can render superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering.   Arms control treaties, on the other hand, specifically control the development of WMD and proscribe the utilization of chemical and biological weapons.   This body of international law mirrors the â€Å"arms control approach† to WMD detailing formal agreements among states to control the use and development of WMD.

A music concert report - University of Philharmonia Orchestra Essay

A music concert report - University of Philharmonia Orchestra - Essay Example Franz Joseph Haydn, the leading composer of the classical period who is renowned as â€Å"Father of the symphony† as well as â€Å"Father of the string quartet† (Last.fm, 2008). To add to the glory of the event, the third piece which was played was Symphony No.2 other wise called Little Russian, composed by the Great Russian composer, Piotr Ilyitch Tchaikovsky. The dynamics involved in the piece Iron Diamond were Adagio-Vivace assai, Adagio, Menuetto Allegretto, Finale and Vivace whereas the second piece included Andante sostenuto-Allegro vivo, Andantino marziale quasi moderato and Scherzo. The movements in Symphony No.2 were Allegro molto vivace, Finale and Moderato assai. The concert was conducted by Nan Harrison Washburn, the music director of Plymouth Canton Symphony Society and winner of sixteen ASCAP awards for Adventuresome Programming of Contemporary Music from American Symphony Orchestra League (Plymouth, 2008). The harmony of Flute, Piano, Violin, Bassoon, Clarinet, Horn and other wind instruments left the audience float in the thin air of music. The concert was arranged to inspire music lovers and was promoted as a research scenario for the music students as the ticket rates were discounted for them. The performance was well enjoyed by the crowd as they could be found lost in another world of dreams and passions.

Ancient India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ancient India - Essay Example In this section, the chapter looks at the distinctive features of the class system, which Aryans people introduced. It also examines the effects of the class system on the Indian civilization. In addition, the chapter discusses various religions found in India and their assumption regarding life. Specifically, the chapter looks at Brahmanism and Buddhism by highlighting their differences. The section also discusses how these religions influenced the Indian civilization. Additionally, the chapter discusses India after the Mauryas by looking at the rule of fishes. In this section, it tries to answer and examine why India was unable to maintain a unified empire in the first millennium BCE. Similarly, the section highlights reasons making Mauryan Empire to overcome temporary tendencies towards disunity of India. Lastly, the chapter discusses the exuberant world of Indian culture. It achieves this through outlining ways in which ancient India culture is similar and different from the cultural experience of ancient Egypt and

Ventilator associated pneumonia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ventilator associated pneumonia - Essay Example This element decreases VAP by decreasing the risk of aspiration of gastrointestinal secretions and also oro-naso-pharyngeal secretions and also by improving ventilation of the patient through higher spontaneous tidal volumes when compared to supine position (Safer Healthcare Now, 2011). Hospitals in Canada can implement this component by implementation of a strategy that ensures head end elevation like documentation of the intervention in nursing flow charts at regular intervals, as a topic of discussion during multidisciplinary daily rounds and as documentation on goals sheet. A protractor must be brought into the ICU to demonstrate the nursing staff as to how 45 degrees elevation looks like. A piece of colored tape must be pasted on the wall behind the bed of the patient to ensure compliance during ventilator checks. Another implementation strategy would be to include a specification for monitoring of head of the bed by mechanical devices. An environment must be created where all h ealth professionals like orderlies and radiology technicians are encouraged to notify the nursing as to whether the head of the bed is elevated. ... The staff must be encouraged and motivated for compliance (Safer Healthcare Now, 2011). 2. Daily performance of readiness to extubate by interruption of sedation and spontaneous breathing trial This is done to decrease the duration of mechanical ventilation and also early extubation which decreases VAP. This also decreases exposure to ventilator-circuit endotracheal tube device (Safer Healthcare Now, 2011). This element can be implemented by introducing a process which temporarily interrupts sedation every day at an appropriate time, like before rounds, to reappraise the neurocognitive ability of the patient, to assume a breathing pattern that is viable and to ascertain needs for analgesia and sedation. Sedation scale must be used to prevent under-sedation. These must be standardized for all mechanically ventilated patients and both these strategies must be linked into the protocol of weaning process. Non-invasive ventilation can be used as a strategy to liberate patients from mechan ical ventilation. Compliance must be discussed every day during rounds and compliance must be used to motivate and encourage the staff (Safer Healthcare Now, 2011). 3. Use of oral tubes rather than nasal tubes for tracheal or stomach access. This reduces the risk of nosocomial sinusitis and thus decreases the risk of VAP (Safer Healthcare Now, 2011). This element can be incorporated in the hospitals by making orotracheal intubation the standard protocol for mechanical ventilation. In all patients receiving mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours, orogastric tube must be placed for gastric decompression and feeding rather than nasogastric tube and this must also be included in the protocols in not only ICUs, but

Hindu wedding ceremony Essay Example for Free

Hindu wedding ceremony Essay With reference to a Hindu wedding ceremony, describe and explain the many points of symbolism. Ritual is very important within the Hindu religion. If ritual is performed correctly, good karma will follow and if not, the opposite will occur. There are whole books dedicated to ritual such as the Veda, the oldest scripture in the world. Key factors in making the right match include the partner being Hindu, also preferably from the same caste and compatible horoscopically. Also, the horoscopes show what the best date for the wedding to take place is. Although India is a large country and weddings vary, most key points are shared. In India the wedding itself would be at the brides home but in England a hall is booked. In preparation for the wedding, henna is used to decorate her hands and feet lasting many weeks symbolising her entry into her marriage. A red spot is painted called a tilaka showing she has been blessed by god. She is wearing a red sari, the colour of happiness, with gold jewellery, the best she can afford and black paint around her eyes called kajal. The groom gives her a ring that she wears on her toe. The groom will wear a kurta-pajana; a lose fitting top and trousers and a veil of beads. The bride and grooms parents will worship Ganesh and the family deities asking them to be present at the wedding and make sure everything goes to plan. Throughout the ceremony itself the priest keeps a fire burning by pouring ghee into the flames symbolising the presence of the Gods. He also throws rice and spices into the fire symbolising fertility. The bride offers puja to the deities and then goes into a separate room to offer private worship to Parvati and Shiva asking for a long marriage and children, preferably sons. When the groom arrives at the place of the wedding, the brides mother and the priest meet him at the entrance with a sacred light to ward off any evil spirits. The priest prays to Vishnu and Lakshmi and together, the priest and brides mother lead the groom into the place of the wedding. The brides dad then gives him honey symbolising a sweet welcome and the priest recites a mantra from the Yajur-Veda. The brides family give her away to the grooms family. This can be compared to the Christian Wedding in which the brides father gives her way to the groom, the difference being, Hindu weddings are not just about the people getting married, but also each of their families who are as much involved. The bride and groom stand facing each other while the priest ties cloth around grooms neck and attaches it to brides sari representing unity. Then blessings are sung and the guests shower rice over the couple. The father of the bride then places her right hand into the palm of the groom. The father then asks the groom to follow his dharma -religious duty, artha -earning money in an honest manner and karma -the enjoyment of pleasures, with moderation. The groom says to the bride I hold your hand in the spirit of the dharma we are both husband and wife. The wife then steps onto a stone. This symbolises her decision to try to get though all problems they may come across throughout their marriage. Then the couple takes seven steps around the sacred fire (saptapadi); this is essential according to the Law Code of Manu. Each step represents a different thing: food, power, prosperity, wisdom, children, health and friendship. While taking these steps the husband says to the wife With utmost love to each other may we walk togetherMay we make our minds united, of the same vows and of the same thoughts. I am the wind and you are the melody. I am the melody and you are the words and on the last step the couple say in unison Into my will I take thy heart. Thy heart shall follow mine. And the heart of mine be yours. The brides bothers pour barley into the couples hands that are then poured into the scared fire symbolising the fact that they will work together for the benefit of society. The husband then marks his wifes parting with red kum-kum powder. -This is the sign of a married woman. The groom places a black necklace called a mangalsutra around the brides neck representing the union between the two families. Also, black beads are used to ward off evil spirits. If the wedding is in daytime the couple will look at the sun to be blessed, if it is night-time they will look at the Polestar, asking that their love will shine as bright and last as long. Elders and the priest ending the ceremony then bless the couple and the guests then take part in a huge feast. When the wife enters her husbands house for the first time she must kick over a metal pot of grain into the house symbolising prosperity. Finally, the bride is given a new first name showing her new beginning. 1) ii) In a Hindu society what activities, arrangements, and advertisements might eventually lead to a marriage? According to Hindu scriptures, basically, you must not search for your own partner, and when you do want a partner it must be the one your family arranges for you to marry. Therefore strictly speaking courtship is not to be done. In the past, matches have been made between two people before they were even born. Child marriage would often take place, and still does although it has been made illegal. The legal age of marriage in India is 18 for girls and 21 for boys. Because of this law being passed, the people in question now have more choice in their partner. When looking for a suitable partner, usually, the person in questions parents will begin their search by telling their friends who will then circulate the news to other families, telling them details of looks, varna, age, caste, education, financial situation and if it is a more modern arrangement, personality and interests. In the past, the man would visit the girls house and she would come in with her eyes downcast for a few seconds and then leave again. In these more modern times, both families will meet and sit down to talk about it. If the two people seem compatible serious negotiations will take place. Both families will get their family priests to study the horoscopes of the two people and if they match, a suitable date for the wedding may be chosen. Then the two families may agree to let them court with restrictions. If a suitable partner cannot be found, the family may decide to turn to placing an advertisement in the newspaper, or turn to an agency. Advertisements in papers for brides or grooms are very common in India. Sometimes someone will meet somebody they would like to marry at college, work, or a similar environment. Because the majority of the time someone is attracted to another person with the same kind of background, their parents will approve of the marriage because the person chosen has come from the same caste etc. If a match is decided, a dowry must be agreed. -This is an illegal practice, but is still sometimes done. A dowry is a payment given to the grooms family by the brides family because the grooms family now has to look after and pay for the bride. Because of the weddings expense, the bride may find it quite difficult to get together enough money to pay what the groom has asked for and the marriage may therefore be called off. Some Hindu families now demand dowry free weddings. Finally, once all has been agreed, the wedding will take place. 2) a) Explain why, from a religious perspective, i) it is considered important for a Hindu to marry a Hindu, Within the Hindu religion it is considered very important for a Hindu to marry another Hindu. The main reason for this is because marriage in Hinduism is not seen as a lifestyle choice but a duty and religious stage of life, from student, the first ashrama, to householder, the second ashrama according to the Varna-ashrama-dharma. When married, a Hindu has the opportunity to achieve three goals: A release from all basic human desires through marriage and having children. A contribution to society though hard work. The duty of carrying out whatever demands his particular caste places upon him. The 13th saskara is reached when a Hindu marries. Marriage in Hinduism is quite obviously a religious action. Therefore in not marrying a Hindu, you cannot easily for-fill these tasks given to you. You can preserve the purity of your religion and caste by marrying in the traditional way. By marrying a Hindu, you will have your horoscopes compared, will have the same religious state of mind, and are therefore compatible. If two Hindus marry, the families will get along and there will be no feuds. You will keep your parents happy by marrying a fellow Hindu in the correct manner. If you do not, there may be a major disagreement in which your family may not ever fully forgive you. They may even believe that in abandoning the correct tradition of marriage, you are abandoning the Hindu religion. If you marry a Hindu you will gain respect from the Hindu society whereas if you dont there may be a lot of disrespect and gossip about you. Your children will be brought up to believe the Hindu faith and will not be confused of which parent religion he or she should follow. He or she will learn all the correct rituals. The eldest son will light his fathers funeral pyre as Hinduism states. The Hindu marriage, as shown in question one, is full of symbolism and if this ritual is formed correctly good karma will follow. In fact large parts of Hinduism itself are all about ritual and tradition. So if you do not marry a Hindu, all this will be lost, bad Karma will follow and you will never be released from samara, the series of births, deaths and re-births and atman will never be rejoined with Brahmin. -This is a Hindus main goal and therefore it is essential to marry a Hindu. ii) being married is important in Hindu society, Being married is important in the Hindu society. This is because marriage in Hinduism is not seen as a lifestyle choice but a duty and religious stage of life, from student, the first ashrama, to householder, the second ashrama according to the Varna-ashrama-dharma. When married, a Hindu has the opportunity to achieve three goals: A release from all basic human desires through marriage and having children. A contribution to society though hard work. The duty of carrying out whatever demands his particular caste places upon him. The 13th saskara is reached when a Hindu marries. Marriage in Hinduism is quite obviously a religious action. Therefore in not marrying, it is impossible to for-fill your dharma. By having a Hindu marriage correctly good karma will follow. Large parts of Hinduism itself are all about ritual and tradition. So if you do not marry, all this will be lost, bad Karma will follow and you will never be released from samara, the series of births, deaths and re-births and atman will never be rejoined with Brahmin. -This is a Hindus main goal and therefore it is essential to marry. iii) it is important to consult with all members of the family when the marriage is being arranged. It is important to consult all members of the family when a marriage is being arranged. The main reason for this is because when a marriage takes place is not just between the bride and groom but both families as well. Also by asking all members of the family you can ensure a good match in marriage. If anything goes wrong there will be shame upon the family and therefore all must be consulted. 2) b) Explain the response of Hinduism to the moral problems of courtship. According to Hindu scriptures, basically, you must not search for your own partner, and when you do want a partner it must be the one your family arranges for you to marry. Therefore strictly speaking courtship is not to be done. Romance, traditionally was only for the Gods. There are certain exceptions however, as Hinduism has had to change with the times and become more flexible and acceptant of modern practices. For instance, once an arranged marriage has been agreed to and the couple are engaged they can announce it and can therefore openly walk in the street holding hands and go to the cinema or such like unaccompanied without being gossiped about by Hindu society. They may not sleep together or mover in together before marriage though. This is because according to the Varna-ashrama-dharma sex is restricted to the householder stage of life and must not be performed in any of the other three stages of life. 3) In Hinduism, marriages are arranged. Do you agree or disagree with the system? Give reasons for your answer. Why would a Hindu agree or disagree with you? Although love marriages are becoming more common within Hinduism, the majority of the time, parents arrange their childrens marriages for them. Marriage is not seen as an optional lifestyle extra but a religious stage in life and therefore it is said that you should love the one you marry, not marry the one you love. Elders are said to be older and therefore wiser and more experienced whereas their children are said to be immature and do not know enough about the world to make a sound choice when it comes to life partners. On the other hand, if your parents make the wrong match and you and your husband have a complete personality clash once your married you have to spend the rest of your life trying to grow to love someone that you really dont get on with. A Hindu would argue then that your horoscopes are compatible with your partners and therefore why wouldnt you get along? If you let your family arrange your marriage for you, you will make them happy. If you do not, there may be a major disagreement in which your family may not ever fully forgive you. They may even believe that in abandoning the tradition of arranged marriages, you are abandoning the Hindu religion. If you have an arranged marriage you will gain respect from the Hindu society whereas if you dont there may be a lot of disrespect and gossip about you. I feel a very important aspect of a relationship is trust. A problem that may arise when marring someone that you do not know all that well is that the two of you will probably not immediately trust each other and the relationship will suffer because of it. Also, sexually, you do not know each other yet are expected to immediately have a healthy sex life as oppose to gently easing into these things. You may feel awkward in being physical with someone you do not have solid trust in. In support of arranged marriages, a person searching for the perfect partner: the one may never find this person. -This person may not even exist. If you have an arranged marriage you know you will have a wedding and not spend half of your life looking for a husband/wife. With the wedding itself, there are many traditional symbolic gestures that must be performed and little room left for individuality. On the other hand a Hindu marriage is full of symbolism and if this ritual is formed correctly good karma will follow. In fact large parts of Hinduism itself are all about ritual and tradition. So if you do not marry in the correct manner, all this will be lost, bad Karma will follow and you will never be released from samara, the series of births, deaths and re-births and atman will never be rejoined with Brahmin. -This is a Hindus main goal and therefore it is essential to have an arranged marriage. You do not really know this person you will spend the rest of your life with. Your husband/wife may have a problem such as gambling, a health condition or an alcohol addiction that you did not previously know about. In love marriages, you have usually been with and lived with your partner for several years before getting married and you therefore will almost certainly know every detail about him/her. After weighing up the points for and against marriage, although I can see from a Hindus point of view why arranged marriages are a good thing, I have one major disagreement. A Hindus main argument for arranged marriages is that it is a religious stage of life and not a lifestyle choice. As I am not Hindu, I do not believe this or other Hindu beliefs to be true. Therefore I personally disagree with arranged marriages. I feel that to marry, you must first be in a loving, longstanding relationship with a strong bond of trust and love. Marriage, to me, is something that shows commitment and love between two people and I find the concept of arranged marriages quite absurd. If to me, marriage is a gesture showing a couples love and therefore surely the couple must be in love before taking vows of their love to one another?